That takes us to known unknowns, and they are consequential.
It is unclear the extent to which the downgrades will alter the function of the international monetary system over time. It is also unclear how material the incremental headwinds blowing out of Europe will be for countries already facing internal fragilities.
It is unclear the extent to which the downgrades will materially impact the asset quality and capital adequacy of banks and other financial institutions. And there is little clarity on the range of reactions on the part of companies, depositors and households.
Over the next weeks, months and years, we will learn a lot more about the consequences of today's historical downgrades in Europe. What is clear at this stage is that the balance of risks is to the downside, for Europe and for the global economy.
Dr. Mohamed El-Erian is CEO and co-CIO of PIMCO, the bond investment house.Link
